Cathodic Protection Organizations |
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Cathodic Protection Organizations |
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This is a power packed article by a highly respected expert in instructional design. His comments should challenge every instructional designer and every developer of CBT courseware to step back and take a hard look at what they are doing.
Dr. Merrill makes it clear that the first concern when developing CBT courseware is instructional strategies.
With Gagne's contention that, "the acquisition of different types of knowledge and skill require different conditions for learning." as background, consider the following excerpt from Merrill's paper.
| "A complete instructional strategy consists of a knowledge structure consistent with, and appropriate for, the knowledge and skill being taught, a presentation consistent with, and appropriate for, the kind of knowledge or skill being taught, an opportunity for exploration of the ideas being taught, practice with feedback consistent with, and appropriate for, the knowledge or skill being taught, and learner guidance consistent with, and appropriate for, the knowledge and skill being taught." |
Now go back and read the excerpt again paying particular attention to Merril's use of "consistent with, and appropriate for". Can any of us honestly say we always design our instruction to satisfy these conditions? Have we ever done it?
This short paper by Merrill should challenge every CBT developer to keep Gagne's and Merrill's books closer than his/her daytimer.
Developing Instruction or Instructional Design
By Don Clark
Copyright 2004 by Donald Clark
This page presents five theories for developing instruction. The five models should be read first as they provide a framework to build upon and are fairly consistent in their approach. The two main differences are the level of detail that they go into and the semantic.
The sixth section brings the theories together in an easy to follow model for ID design. This is followed by a section of resource of templates.
Mr. Clark's website contains a tremendous amount of material. You can access it from HERE
Lights, Camera, Listen Up: The Nine Rules of Digital Video Creation
By Jan Ozer
EMedia Professional, May 1998
Copyright © Online Inc.
If you think a video camera and the latest video editing program equips you to produce all that video you want to include in your CBT courseware, think again. This article by Jan Ozer points out the most important issues related to digital video creation.
The article is built around the following nine rules:
The Multimedia Authoring site is strictly a "Starting Point" site because it is a huge list of links to sites related to all aspects of multimedia authoring. As of June 3, 1998 the site contained 690 links divided into 18 categories.
The site is equipped with a good search engine which permits you to browse an entire category or search by keyword in a single category or the entire database.
A helpful feature is the inclusion of a brief explanation of each of their categories.
WBT Information Center
Maintained by Tim Kilby
This is a large site with many resources of value to anyone interested in CBT/WBT. The site is maintained by Tim Kirby as a non-profit resource. At the WBT Information Center you will have access to four discussion groups, a WBT primer, a slide show of a talk presented by Tim Kirby, and links to many valuable resources.
The Web-Based Training Information Center was first established online in December 1994, and exhibits four years of diligent attention by Mr. Kirby.
This is not a site to be visited once. It should be one of those sites that you revisit again and again to study the information on the site and at the resource links.
Emphasis is on adult learning and developing WBT for the adult learner.
Instructional Technology Research Online
Maintained by Instructional Technology Research Online
Research Online opens with a list of articles related to Computer Based Training which are available online. The list is arranged alphabetically by author and each title is a link to the article. A good collection of papers by experts and leaders in CBT.
At the end of the list are two very useful links, Features and Links. When you follow Features, you can access interviews with leaders in the field of CBT, lists of award winning Web sites related to CBT and WBT (with links of course), and critical book reviews. When you click on Links you are presented with a large list of related links in the following ten categories:
| Associations | Academic Departments |
| IT Indexes And Lists | Academic Service Units |
| Online Journals | Miscellaneous Resources |
| Newsgroups | Listservs |
| InTRO's K-12 Links | Links to InTRO |
TIP is a tool intended to make learning and instructional theory more accessible to educators. The database contains brief summarizes of 50 major theories of learning and instruction, 18 learning domains, and 19 learning concepts. There is some cross referencing and many links to sources outside the database. Of course the site also contains a short list (with links) of related web sites.
The site is maintained by Greg Kearsley, a professor of Instructional Technology & Distance Education at Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale, FL.
If you don't know where to start let me suggest the following:
LearningTheories
Conditions of Learning (R. Gagne)
Component Display Theory (M.D. Merrill)
Criterion Referenced Instruction (R. Mager)
Adult Learning Theory (P. Cross)
Learning Domains
Concepts
Procedures
Reasoning
Problem Solving
Learning Concepts
Mastery
Cognitive/Learning Styles
Learning Strategies
Sequencing of Instruction
